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Swarm of Rats

Medium beast (swarm), unaligned

Armor Class: 10
Hit Points: 24 (7d8-7)
Speed: 30 ft.

STR: 9 (−1)
DEX: 11 (+0)
CON: 9 (−1)
INT: 2 (−4)
WIS: 10 (+0)
CHA: 3 (−4)

Damage Resistances: bludgeoning, piercing, slashing
Condition Immunities: charmed, frightened, grappled, paralyzed, petrified, prone, restrained, stunned
Senses: darkvision 30 ft., passive Perception 10
Languages: —
Challenge: 1/4 (50 XP)
Proficiency Bonus: +2

Keen Smell. The swarm has advantage on Wisdom (Perception) checks that rely on smell.

Swarm. The swarm can occupy another creature's space and vice versa, and the swarm can move through any opening large enough for a Tiny rat. The swarm can't regain hit points or gain temporary hit points.

Actions

Bites. Melee Weapon Attack: +2 to hit, reach 0 ft., one target in the swarm's space. Hit: 7 (2d6) piercing damage, or 3 (1d6) piercing damage if the swarm has half of its hit points or fewer.

How many for your party

Copies of the swarm of rats (50 XP each) against a party of four characters of the same level. Build mixed fights in the encounter builder.

Number of Swarm of Rats for each difficulty, party of four
Party level	Easy	Medium	Hard	Deadly
Level 1	2	—	3	4–20
Level 2	3	4–5	6	7–20
Level 3	3–5	6–7	8–10	11–20
Level 4	5–7	8–10	11–13	14–20
Level 5	8–13	14	15–20	—
Level 6	10–14	15–17	18–20	—

In these lists

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Questions

What CR is the Swarm of Rats?

The Swarm of Rats is challenge 1/4, worth 50 XP, with a proficiency bonus of +2.

How many hit points does the Swarm of Rats have?

24 hit points (7d8-7), with AC 10.

How many should I use against four 1st-level characters?

Against four level 1 characters, 3 is hard by the encounter XP budget.